Menachos 73
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This episode of Daf Yomi with Dovid Charnowitz delves into Menachos 73, focusing on the halachic principle that the kohanim (kayhanim) eat the shirayim (leftovers) of all minchas (meal offerings), including those brought by non-kohanim and even in cases where the offering is not for atonement. The discussion begins with a challenge to the Gemara’s reliance on a seemingly redundant pasuk (V'chol mincha b'dolah v'shemen) to establish this rule, especially in the view of Rabbi Shimon, who holds that certain minchas chaytei are burned entirely after kemitah, making the general rule inapplicable. The Gemara responds by analyzing the extra words in the pasuk and their implications, arguing that the repetition of 'kol' and 'v'chol' provides multiple drashot (interpretations), one of which establishes the principle that kohanim receive shirayim even in non-atoning offerings like Minchas Eimer and Minchas Saita. The episode then shifts to Ravina’s alternative source from Bamidbar (Numbers), where the phrase 'kol karbanam' in the context of kohen gifts is used to prove that kohanim receive shirayim from all offerings, including those not for kapara. The discussion further explores the case of a goi (non-Jew) bringing a shlamim offering, which Rav Huna rules becomes an olah (burnt offering) regardless of intent, creating a tension with the Mishnah that states shirayim are eaten by kohanim. The Gemara resolves this by attributing the Mishnah to Rabbi Yehudah and Rabbi Yastanayim, establishing a machlokes (dispute) between tannaim. The episode concludes with a detailed analysis of the drashot on 'ish ish' and the implications for a goi’s ability to bring offerings and Nesachim (libations), ultimately affirming that while a goi cannot bring freestanding Nesachim, he may bring them with an olah. Key takeaways include: (1) The kohanim receive shirayim from all minchas, even those not for atonement, based on multiple drashot from Vayikra and Bamidbar; (2) The repetition of 'kol' and 'v'chol' in the Torah provides the linguistic basis for these halachic conclusions; (3) A goi cannot bring freestanding Nesachim, but may bring them with an olah; (4) The Mishnah’s statement that shirayim are eaten by kohanim assumes the offering is not an olah; (5) Rav Huna’s ruling that a goi’s shlamim becomes an olah resolves the apparent contradiction; (6) The principle of 'ish ish' teaches that one cannot trade portions of kodshei kodashim; (7) The concept of 'kamash malan' (the kohen gets it) applies even to offerings with no atonement purpose; (8) The Gemara uses multiple layers of drashah to build a comprehensive halachic framework from seemingly redundant verses.
The kohanim receive shirayim from all minchas, including those not for atonement, based on drashot from Vayikra and Bamidbar.
The repetition of 'kol' and 'v'chol' in the Torah provides multiple halachic insights, justifying the rule that shirayim are eaten by kohanim even in Rabbi Shimon’s view.
A goi cannot bring freestanding Nesachim, but may bring them with an olah offering.
Rav Huna rules that a goi’s shlamim becomes an olah, resolving the tension with the Mishnah that shirayim are eaten by kohanim.
The principle of 'ish ish' teaches that kohanim cannot trade portions of kodshei kodashim, even within the same category.
…and 3 more takeaways available in PodZeus
Introduction to the Dispute on Shirayim and the Need for an Extra Pasuk
The episode begins with a recap of the previous day's discussion on the rule that kohanim eat shirayim from all minchas. The Gemara questions whether the pasuk 'v'chol mincha b'dolah v'shemen' is truly extra and necessary to establish this rule, especially in the view of Rabbi Shimon, where kemitah does not guarantee shirayim are eaten. The host introduces the need for an additional pasuk to cover cases like Minchas Chaytei of a kohen, where the entire offering is burned.
Drashah on 'V'chol Mincha B'dolah V'shemen' and the Prohibition of Trading Kodshei Kodashim
“You can't trade, you can't offset. And the Shittim of Kubetzes in the middle of Eis Hei on Ayin Gimel gives a reason why certainly when we talk about Basar Kachim he says it's because it's Bizayim. So we don't want to be seen as trading as Bizayim. You trade your snacks at school, you don't trade Kachim.”
Ravina's Alternative Source: 'Kol Karbanam' in Bamidbar
“The reason the kohen gets a chelek is because it's part of the kapara of whoever's bringing a karban. However, the oimer lahater ka'asi, the oimer isn't coming to be mechaper for anything. It's coming to be Matir, people to eat the Chadash in Medina.”
The Case of a Goy Bringing a Shlamim and Rav Huna's Ruling
“If a guy brings a shlamim, it's going to be a din of an ayla. Meaning the guy can only bring, even if he says that he's bringing it for a shlamim, it's always going to be an ayla.”
Resolution of the Tannaitic Dispute and Final Summary
The episode concludes by resolving the apparent contradiction between Rav Huna’s ruling and the Mishnah. The Gemara explains that the Mishnah’s statement applies only to offerings that are not olah. The host summarizes the two main sources for the rule: the drashah on 'v'chol mincha' and Ravina’s source from 'kol karbanam'. He emphasizes that the repetition of words in the Torah is intentional and provides the basis for multiple halachic conclusions, including the prohibition of trading kodshei kodashim and the kohen’s right to shirayim even from non-atoning offerings.
“You can't trade, you can't offset. And the Shittim of Kubetzes in the middle of Eis Hei on Ayin Gimel gives a reason why certainly when we talk about Basar Kachim he says it's because it's Bizayim. So we don't want to be seen as trading as Bizayim. You trade your snacks at school, you don't trade Kachim.”
“The reason the kohen gets a chelek is because it's part of the kapara of whoever's bringing a karban. However, the oimer lahater ka'asi, the oimer isn't coming to be mechaper for anything. It's coming to be Matir, people to eat the Chadash in Medina.”
“The phrase 'kol karbanam' in Bamidbar is used to prove kohanim receive shirayim from all offerings, including those without kapara.”
Host
Gemara
other
Kohanim
other
Shirayim
other
Dovid Charnowitz
person
Rabbi Shimon
person
Nesachim
other
Rav Huna
person
Goy
other
Olah
other
Rabbi Yehuda
person
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