Middle East Past and Present: A deep dive into history with Tom Holland

In this special Passover episode of Unholy, hosts Jonathan Friedland and Yannick Levy welcome renowned historian Tom Holland for a profound exploration of Jewish history, identity, and the enduring power of narrative. The conversation begins with a reflection on the significance of Pesach as a moment of both joy and collective memory, marked by the tension between freedom and sorrow—especially poignant in the context of ongoing conflict and the absence of hostages since October 7th. Holland unpacks the pivotal moment of Jerusalem's destruction in 70 CE, arguing that it was not the end of the Jewish people but the birth of a new identity centered on sacred texts, which allowed Judaism to survive without a temple or homeland. He emphasizes that the Judeans' resilience stemmed from their unique scriptural tradition, making them an exception among conquered peoples who typically vanished. The discussion extends to ancient empires, particularly the Persian Empire under Cyrus the Great, whose legacy is still celebrated in modern Iran despite the Islamic regime’s ambivalence toward his role as a liberator of the Jews. Holland also examines how national myths—like those of Iran, China, and Israel—are not lies but powerful narratives that shape identity and continuity. He warns against Western hubris in foreign policy, stressing that leaders must understand the deep religious convictions of other cultures, especially in the Middle East. The episode closes with a meditation on the modern fascination with history, suggesting that in uncertain times, people turn to the past for wisdom, meaning, and a sense of belonging.