Why “Meditations” Needs a New Name—According to William O. Stephens

In this episode of The Daily Stoic Podcast, host Ryan welcomes philosopher William O. Stephens to discuss his new biography of Marcus Aurelius and challenge a long-standing convention: the title of 'Meditations'. Stephens argues that the work should be called 'Memoranda' instead, emphasizing that Marcus Aurelius never intended these writings for public consumption and that the title 'Meditations'—popularized by later editors—misleads modern readers by evoking Eastern spiritual practices rather than the practical, self-reflective journal of a Roman emperor. The conversation delves into the historical origins of the text, its structure as a personal notebook rather than a formal philosophical treatise, and the enduring power of its language and themes. Stephens also reframes Marcus not as a 'sage' or 'hero', but as a flawed yet deeply humane leader who grappled with his own weaknesses, the corrupting nature of power, and the moral complexities of ruling an empire. The episode explores Marcus’s treatment of enemies, his resistance to deification, and his Stoic commitment to justice over vengeance, drawing parallels to modern leaders like Jimmy Carter. The discussion underscores the timeless relevance of Marcus’s inner struggles and the importance of reading his work not as sacred scripture, but as a living, evolving record of a man striving to live well under immense pressure.